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Python: Verify SSL certificates for HTTPS requests

Python Requests: Exercise-9 with Solution

Write a Python code to verify the SSL certificate for a website which is certified.

Sample Solution:

Python Code:

import requests   
#Requests ignore verifying the SSL certificate if you set verify to False
# Making a get request 
response = requests.get('https://rigaux.org/', verify=False)
print(response) 
print("\n=======================================================\n")
#Requests verifies SSL certificates for HTTPS requests, just like a web browser.
response1 = requests.get('https://google.com/')
print(response1)
print("\n=======================================================\n")
#Requests ignore verifying the SSL certificate if you set verify to True (Default value)
response1 = requests.get('https://rigaux.org/', verify=True)
print(response1)

Sample Output:

D:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py:847: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  InsecureRequestWarning)
<Response [200]>

=======================================================

<Response [200]>

=======================================================

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<ipython-input-10-5ba32625e270>", line 1, in <module>
    runfile('C:/Users/User/.spyder-py3/temp.py', wdir='C:/Users/User/.spyder-py3')

  File "D:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\spyder_kernels\customize\spydercustomize.py", line 827, in runfile
    execfile(filename, namespace)

  File "D:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\spyder_kernels\customize\spydercustomize.py", line 110, in execfile
    exec(compile(f.read(), filename, 'exec'), namespace)

  File "C:/Users/User/.spyder-py3/temp.py", line 12, in 
    response1 = requests.get('https://rigaux.org/', verify=True)

  File "D:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 75, in get
    return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)

  File "D:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 60, in request
    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)

  File "D:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 533, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)

  File "D:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 646, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)

  File "D:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 514, in send
    raise SSLError(e, request=request)

SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='rigaux.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError("hostname 'rigaux.org' doesn't match 'www.zarb.org'")))

Python Code Editor:

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Python: Tips of the Day

Creates a dictionary with the same keys as the provided dictionary and values generated by running the provided function for each value:

Example:

def tips_map_values(obj, fn):
  ret = {}
  for key in obj.keys():
    ret[key] = fn(obj[key])
  return ret
users = {
  'Owen': { 'user': 'Owen', 'age': 29 },
  'Eddie': { 'user': 'Eddie', 'age': 15 }
}

print(tips_map_values(users, lambda u : u['age'])) # {'Owen': 29, 'Eddie': 15}

Output:

{'Owen': 29, 'Eddie': 15}